EMOTIONAL DEPENDENCE, ATTACHMENT ANXIETY AND TOXIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

Abstract

This study examined emotional dependence, attachment anxiety, and toxic relationship patterns among young adults and explored gender differences in these variables. Emotional dependence refers to relying on a partner for emotional validation and security, while attachment anxiety involves fear of abandonment and sensitivity to relationship instability. Both can contribute to unhealthy relationship dynamics. 

The study included 186 participants aged 18–30 (93 males and 93 females). Data were collected using three self-report measures: the Emotional Dependence Questionnaire (CDE), the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale–Short Form (ECR-S), and the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and independent samples t-tests were used for data analysis.

The findings revealed significant gender differences. Males reported higher levels of emotional dependence and attachment anxiety, while females reported greater experiences of toxic relationships. Emotional dependence and attachment anxiety were strongly positively correlated, indicating that individuals who are more emotionally dependent also tend to experience higher attachment insecurity. Both variables were negatively associated with healthy relationship functioning.

Overall, the results highlight the complex relationship between emotional vulnerability and romantic relationship experiences among young adults. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing emotional dependence and attachment insecurity in counselling and mental health interventions to promote healthier relationships and emotional resilience